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The Middle East

That is where most of the news comes from. The map is from Wikipedia public domain.

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A s i a

The Asia map by “historicair” is published in public domain at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Asia

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C h i n a

A Google satellite map. The original is at  https://maps.google.com/maps?q=China

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Latin America

See West Haven Public Schools specialized page at http://www.whschools.org/page.cfm?p=4131

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Latin America regions by mexican golden eagle CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Latin_America_regions.svg

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Latin American Climate

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Map of Hecataeus

of the 5th century bC.
The Earth is a plate, and they wonder why the sea does not fall off.
Ethiopia is the southern limit of the world.
The region on the left, where Spain and Carthage almost touch, is marked as The Pillars of Hercules.

The map is based on http://www.livius.org/a/1/maps/hecataeus_map.gif

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Map according to Herodotus

also of the 5th century bC.
You can see Persia and Babylon, and the Nile river has a funny shape.
It is based on travelers’ impressions, because at the time they did not have the maths, nor the instruments to figure out what any continent really looked like.

And see to the left, where Europe and Africa almost touch, the passageway marked as Pillars of Hercules.  Below is a NASA photo for you to see their location:

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The Olaus Magnus sea map

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← Link to Wikipedia’s very large version, some 50 megas, in public domain

This map was made about 2000 years after Herodotus, and yet it seems closer to Herodotus than to us.
Its world is still almost all imagined. Progress was not constant.

For instance, when Rome collapsed, lots of knowledge and technologies went under. They did come back up, but later, little by little, in the monasteries, in some regions, starting in Andalusia where the Arabs imported Greek philosophy and the Jews translated it into Latin. (There was no English at the time.)

The map shows the monsters that live in the sea and the ships fighting them, and some of the monsters bear scientific names in Latin.

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The Piri Reis Harita map

 said to be the oldest in the world.

Some people say that it shows some extraterrestrial influence or traces of a former techno civilization, according to http://tinyurl.com/88rl6.

http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/booknmaps.html

It was drawn  in 1517.

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Maps of modern Israel

from Wikipedia showing the location of Jerusalem and the places that are most frequently in the news:

http://www.aguide2israel.com/index.php/fuseaction/home.main/id/8

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Old World Map

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Map in public domain according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nova_et_Accuratissima_Terrarum_Orbis_Tabula_%28J.Blaeu,_1664%29.jpg

Here it is, almost all figured out, though still largely unexplored and unknown. It is called Nova et Accuratissima Terrarum Orbis Tabula:  New and highly accurate  drawing of the Earth made by J Blaeu in 1664.

It still includes ships on the oceans, but as far as I can see there aren’t any monsters anymore.

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World Religions

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This work is published under the CC Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Prevailing_world_religions_map.png.

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Old Sky Map

It is a sky map dated 1664, and the original large version is exhibited at http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/25700.

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European colonies

in 1938. As you can see,  the Europeans controlled most of the world as a sort of backyard that everybody uses according to his needs. This was not very long ago. The two world  wars put an end to it.

The map by AniRaptor is published under CC Attribution 3.0 Unported license at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism.

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Map of WWII death in Europe

according to Putzger .

The black crosses are soldiers.
The grey crosses are civilians.
The black stars are Jews.

Below is the Putzger map for

WW2 death in Asia:

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Map of Biblical Israel

and neighbours of about 830 BCE

Published by Briangotts under a GNU Free Document license at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Levant_830.png

Important cities of Biblical Israel according to http://www.thejournal.org/studylibrary/

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The Columbus Map

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One of the maps that Columbus studied to figure out how to get from Europe to India by sailing West.

According to Wikipedia, Christopher Columbus and his brother Bartolomé are the authors of this map; they drew it!

That was about 520 years ago.
The map is in public domain at http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/ColombusMap.jpg

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The campaigns of Alexander the Great

He carried  culture from the West far into the East.

The map is in public domain according to http://www.bible-history.com/maps/alexander_campaigns.html

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The expansion of Islam

Map released into public domain byBrian Szymanski at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquests.

Islam presence in Spain:

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I lost the references for these maps

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Map of Rome in 200 AD

according to https://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com

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A great map of the roads that the Romans built in Europe, mainly for strategic reasons.  Towards the end, more and more conflicts erupted all along their periphery, and so they had to move their soldiers fast from one “theater of war” to the other.

Empire map  made by Andrein, with the assistance of EraNavigator, partly based on  NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data,  published under CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_125.png.

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The Languages of the World

The map shows many, but never all of them. There are so many that they can’t all be mapped.

Many are endangered, because of all the technology not available to smaller or poorer communities..

This map is from www.theodora.com/maps used with permission.

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The Languages of Europe

from the Siberian Light website meaning to show how many languages are spoken in Russia.

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The definitions of “Middle East”

There is

—  a traditional meaning

— a definition made by the G8

— and a de facto meaning widely accepted.

The term was probably first used by the British Foreign Office, where China or Japan were “the Far East”.

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Density of Population

The map by Erik is in public domain at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Countries_by_population_density.svg

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The Jewish Diaspora

Europe: see http://jgsla.org/images/Meetings/May09/jewish%20diaspora.gif

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Spain: see http://www.sephardicmusic.org/

Diaspora means dispersion.

Southern Spain appears as a hub or focal point of migrations where  Islam and Judaism created great centers of learning. At the time the region was called Al Andalus. It is now Andalusia.

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Global Literacy

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Map of Africa

This map and the one below are from Google at https://maps.google.com/

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Africa at Google:

The original map is at https://maps.google.com/maps?q=africa

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African vegetation
This file is published under the CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license by user Vzb83 at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vegetation_Africa.png. —

Even in the Middle Ages,  slave trade was part of the African economy. The picture shows a memorial representing one of the points of departure.

This is where people were collected and then loaded onto ships to be sold or auctioned off.

Sometimes they were hunted, captured, and sold by their own rulers.

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Australia

Australia is an island, but also a continent, and there are animals that do not exist anywhere else in the world. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/school/Australia/Ausmap.shtml

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The Climate of Australia

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The Regions of Australia

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Old America Hemisphere Map

Finally, what did the early settlers imagine that their new world looked like?

This map is from the collection of the American Library of Congress at http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/

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Old Map of  Latin America

Americae sive qvartae orbis partis nova et exactissima descriptio / avctore Diego Gvtiero Philippi Regis Hisp. etc. Cosmographo ; Hiero. Cock excvde. 1562 ; Hieronymus Cock excude cum gratia et priuilegio 1562. —

This is from a great US Government site at http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl. The legend is in Latin and I can understand it only approximately:

“New and exact description of America taking up a fourth  of the globe as described Diego Gutiero, Philippi Regis and others and  printed by Hieronymus Cock  with permission and privilege in 1562 . ” — 

At the time cartographers had to rely on verbal information to make a map.  Hieronymus probably made the drawings and the plates for the printer.

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